DNA methylation is actually a starting process for cancer

Nanopores could map small changes in DNA that signal big shifts in cancer


Excerpt: "Detecting cancer early, just as changes are beginning in DNA, could enhance diagnosis and treatment as well as further our understanding of the disease. A new study by University of Illinois researchers describes a method to detect, count and map tiny additions to DNA called methylations, which can be a warning sign of cancer, with unprecedented resolution.

The method threads DNA strands through a tiny hole, called a nanopore, in an atomically thin sheet of material with an electrical current running through it. The study was published in the inaugural issue of the journal npj 2D Materials and Applications, a new journal from Nature Press.

"One or a few methylations is not a big deal, but if there are many of them and they are packed close together, then it's bad," said study leader Jean-Pierre Leburton, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Illinois. "DNA methylation is actually a starting process for cancer. So we want to detect how many of them there are and how close together they are. That can tell us at which stage the cancer is."

My comment: The DNA methylation is needed for successful cellular differentiation. Every cell inside you is having the same gene sequences, which means there has to be another information layer for differentiating cells for their tasks. This information layer is called epigenome and it consists mainly of methyl groups on cytosine bases and histones. Within most organisms, methyl groups are laid down during embryonic development. This is usually done by short non coding RNA-molecules.  

Environmental factors, like diet, stress and climate, affect the DNA methylation patterns and levels. This is why we can observe changes in organisms. But methylation patterns can also get disrupted due to oxidative stress and viruses, for example. This can lead to diseases, such as cancers. And disrupted methylation profiles are the main reason for genetic mutations, tells this study:

http://biopublisher.ca/index.php/cge/article/html/2260/

This is why it is justified to conclude that genetic mutations are caused by poor nutrition, stress, toxins, smoking, alcohol etc.

Life is not driven by gene sequences. Genes are driven by lifestyle. The theory of evolution is a major lie. Don't get misled.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Previous Sexual Partners Can Influence Another Male's Offspring

Image
Telegony (microchimerism) is not studied by pseudoscientists because it refutes the theory of evolution http://www.theneonnettle.com/features/1006-study-women-store-dna-from-every-male-they-have-sex-with "A new study by the University of Seattle and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has revealed that Women absorb and retain living DNA of every single man they have sex with. When scientists were trying to determine if women who had been pregnant with a son might be more predisposed to diseases usually found in men, then also found in the study that the female brain also absorbs male DNA." "Le Dantec wrote that some farmer told him that once his swine copulated with a boar and their pigs absolutely resembled the father in color. But when the same swine copulated with another boar some pigs of the second farrow still resembled the color of the male pig the swine had copulated first."   http://modernnotion.com/is-telegony-real/ "Scientists believe the phe...
Read more

Early-stage embryos with abnormalities can still develop into healthy babies

Image
Early-stage embryos with abnormalities can still develop into healthy babies http://www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/early-stage-embryos-abnormalities-can-still-develop-healthy-babies Excerpt: "Abnormal cells in the early embryo are not necessarily a sign that a baby will be born with a birth defect such as Down’s syndrome, suggests new research from the University of Cambridge, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Leuven, Belgium. In a study published today (29 March) in the journal Nature Communications, scientists show that abnormal cells are eliminated and replaced by healthy cells, repairing – and in many cases completely fixing – the embryo. Researchers at the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience at Cambridge report a mouse model of aneuploidy, where some cells in the embryo contain an abnormal number of chromosomes. Normally, each cell in the human embryo should contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of chromosomes and one pair of sex chr...
Read more

DNA methylation is directed by RNA

Image
Cellular differentiation, adaptation and variation of organisms is directed by RNA, not DNA https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24312289_RNA-directed_DNA_methylation_and_demethylation_in_plants Excerpt: "RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a nuclear process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cytosine methylation of DNA sequences that are complementary to the siRNAs. In plants, double stranded-RNAs (dsRNAs) generated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2) serve as precursors for Dicer-like 3 dependent biogenesis of 24-nt siRNAs. Plant specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is presumed to generate the initial RNA transcripts that are substrates for RDR2. siRNAs are loaded onto an argonaute4-containing RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) that targets the de novo DNA methyltransferase DRM2 to RdDM target loci." My comment: There are only a few chemical modifications discovered on the DNA and histones; especially methylation and acetylation. But the list o...
Read more